����� 4

���Ѿ��

-         accord (n.)                              =        agreement  (��õ�ŧ)

-         amendment (n.)                       =        change  (�������¹�ŧ)

-         astonished (adj.)                       =        greatly surprised  (����֡�����Ҵ�)

-         astonishing (adj.)                       =        surprising (��һ����Ҵ�)

-         back on one�s feet (exp.)           =        be well again  (��Ѻ������Ҿ���ա����)

-         condolence (n.)                        =        sympathy (�������͡����)

-         constitution (n.)                        =        the structure or form of a person or thing; the basic laws of a nation  (�Ѱ�����٭)

-         democracy (n.)                        =        government by the people, directly or through elected or appointed representatives  (��ЪҸԻ��)

-         deserve (v.)                             =        be worthy of/ earn  (��������Ѻ)

-         for lack of (prep.)                     =        because of not having  (���ͧ�ҡ�����)

-         for the sake of (prep.)                =        for the good of  (����)

-         give a ring (exp.)                      =        call on , telephone (���Ѿ��)

-         in connection with (prep.) =        in relation to  (����Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ)

-         It�s a shame that .. (exp.)            =        It�s too bad that �  (����Թ价��� �)

-         king (n.)                                 =        male ruler  (��ѵ����)

-         major (n.)                               =        elected official  (����Ҫ��÷�����Ѻ����觵��)

-         office (n.)                               =        public position  (�ӹѡ�ҹ)

-         pass (v.)                                 =        approve (����Ѻ����ҹ)

-         queen (n.)                              =        female ruler  (����ҢԹ�)

-         religion (n.)                    =        belief  (��ʹ� ��������)

-         religious (adj.)                          =        devoted/referring to religion  (����ǡѺ��ʹ�)

-         senator (n.)                             =        elected official (�ز����)

-         send for someone (v.)               =        to ask someone to come to a place  (�ԭ������ѧʶҹ����ҧ�)    

-         service (n.)                              =        ceremony  (�Ըա��)

-         set about (v.)                           =        to begin the task  (������鹷ӡ����)

-         shocked    (adj.)                       =        greatly surprised  (����֡���)

-         shocking (adj.)                          =        surprising  (��ҵ��)

-         sympathy (n.)                          =        sharing in feeling emotion (��������֡���͡����)

-         tragic (adj.)                              =        terrible  (����� ���)

-         what a shame that �                =        It�s too bad that �  (�ѹ����Թ价��� �)

-         with respect to (prep.)               =        in regard to/concerning (����ǡѺ)      

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 1: ���Ѻ����� A �Ѻ��������� B

 

Column A

Column B

���. 1. for the sake of (prep.)

���. 2. condolence (n.)

���. 3. deserve (v.)

���. 4. set about (v.)

���. 5. accord (n.)

���. 6. back on one�s feet (exp.)

���. 7. It�s a shame that .. (exp.)

���. 8. for lack of (prep.)

���.9. amendment (n.)       

��� 10. with respect to (prep.)

a. change

b. concerning/in regard to

c. to begin the task

d. be worthy of

e. for the good of

f. It�s too bad that �

g. sympathy

h. agreement

i. because of not having

j. be well again

 

 

���    1. e     2. g     3. d     4. c     5. h     6. j      7. f      8. i      9. a     10. b

 

���ҡó�

Perfect Gerunds ��� Perfect Infinitives

Perfect Gerunds (having + Past Participle (V.3)) ��� Perfect Infinitives (to have + Past Participle) ��� �ٻʹյ�ͧ infinitive ������Ѻ�ʴ���á�з�����ʶҹ��ó����Դ��鹡�͹�˵ء�ó���ѡ �����ٻ Active Voice (��иҹ㹻���¤�繼���зӡ����) ��� Passive Voice (��иҹ㹻���¤�繼��١��з�) �������Ѻ�������¢ͧ����¤   �ѧ���ç���ҧ��е�����ҧ���仹��

 

Active Voice

Passive Voice

Perfect Gerund:

Having + Past Participle

�� Having visited Paris, Victor had a lot of oversea experience. (��ѧ�ҡ����������ǻ�������� ���ջ��ʺ��ó�㹡������Ե��ҧ������ҡ���)

Having been + Past Participle

��  Having been employed, Helen had to prepared herself for the new job.  (��ѧ�ҡ�����ҹ������ ���Ź��ͧ������������Ѻ�ҹ����ͧ��)

Perfect Infinitive:

To have + Past Participle

�� We are happy to have been employed here for a long time.      (�ǡ����դ����آ�ҡ �����ӧҹ���������������ҹҹ����)

To have been + Past Participle

�� Today, the good relationship among all the members of my family has been

intensified. (�ء�ѹ��� ��������ѹ���ѹ�������ҧ��Ҫԡ�ء��㹤�ͺ���Ǣͧ�����ҡ���)

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 2: ����������¤�١��ͧ���� Perfect Gerunds

��  Mike is very successful in his career in spite of having finished only the secondary school.

1. (get along with)  ������������. each other very well, Charlotte and Steve decide to get   married.

2. In spite of (prepare) ���������. a lot, Meg still gets butterflies before the presentation.

3. (study) ������������very hard, Kim is ready to do the test.

4. Lynne is accused of (steal) �����������.. his boss�s money.

5. Ryan, (work out) ���������� regularly, is very strong.

���

1. Having got/Having gotten along with each other very well, Charlotte and Steve decide to get married.

2. In spite of having prepared a lot, Meg still gets butterflies before the presentation.

3. Having studied very hard, Kim is ready to do the test.

4. Lynne is accused of having stolen his boss�s money.

5. Ryan, having worked out regularly, is very strong.

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 3: ����������¤�١��ͧ���� Perfect Infinitives

��  Jill is very successful in her career although she is unlucky to have been sick nearly all year.

1. Charlotte and Steve seem to (get along with) ��������������.. each other very well.

2. Meg is expected to (prepare) �������� a lot; her presentation is very good.

3. Tina appears to (study) �������� hard because she gets a very good grade in English.

4. Terry appeared (break into) ���������.. a house; he is sent to the jail.

5. Ryan seems to (look down upon) ��������������. by his colleagues; he gets so angry.

 

���

1. Charlotte and Steve seem to have got/have gotten along with each other very well.

2. Meg is expected to have prepared a lot; her presentation is very good.

3. Tina appears to have studied hard because she gets a very good grade in English.

4. Terry appeared to have broken into a house; he is sent to the jail.

5. Ryan seems to have been looked down upon by his colleagues; he gets so angry.

 

����� Adjectives �繤ӹ��

          �ҧ���� Adjective ����ö˹�ҷ���繤ӹ�� ��������¶֧������ؤ�ŷ�����ѡɳ�੾�е�ҧ � ��  the poor, the rich Adjective �ա�����˹�觷��ŧ���´���  - ese ���� � ish ���¶֧��������ѭ�ҵԵ�ҧ � �� the Chinese, the English  ����� Adjective ����ҹ�� ��˹�ҷ���繤ӹ�� ��ͧ�� the ��˹������ ��Шж���繤ӹ����پ��� �� The valiant are very helpful for the nation, especially during the war. (�������ҭ�ջ���ª���ͪҵԺ�ҹ���ͧ�ҡ ��੾�����ҧ���������ҧʧ����)

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 4: �����͡�ӡ���ҷ��١��ͧ

¡������ҧ��  The famous often lacks/lack the privacy.

1. The homeless (is/are) the government�s responsibility.

2. To develop the country, the uneducated (needs/need) to be more focused.

3. The poor (faces/face) many problems.

4. The disable (improves/improve) the condition of life by education.

5. The English (is/are) believed to be reserved.

���    1. are            2. need                   3. Face          4. Improve      5. are


������ҧ�ͧ�Ӥس�Ѿ�������繤ӹ�������

beautiful (�����)             disabled (���ԡ��)                homeless  (������ҹ)             proud   (������դ����Ҥ�����)            blind (���Һʹ)               elderly (����)         hungry (���������)               rich (�����)                       weak (����͹��)                   brave  (�������ҭ)                        famous (���ժ������§)          injured (���Ҵ��)  sick  (������)                   wealthy (����觤��)                clever (����Ҵ)                    great  (�������˭�)                             innocent (������ط���)            strong (�����ç)  wounded (���Ҵ��)        courageous  (�������ҭ)       guilty (���Դ)                        intelligent (����Ҵ)                       ugly  (��˹�ҵҹ�����´)     young (��˹������)   dead  (�����)                 handicapped (���ԡ��)          living  (������ժ��Ե����)               uneducated (��������֡��)              deaf  (����˹ǡ)              poor (����)     unemployed (�����ҹ)

 

������ҧ�ͧ�Ӥس�Ѿ�������繹������ (Abstract Noun)

absurd (�����š)           good (������)                           obvious (�����Ѵਹ)        supernatural (�����˹�͸����ҵ�)        bad (�������)       impossible (������������)  possible (���������)      unexpected (��觷�������Ҵ��ó�)    evil (������������)              long (�������)                               short (�������)                                  unimaginable (�����������ö�Թ��ҡ����)                          expected (��觷��Ҵ��ó����) mysterious (�����֡�Ѻ)                     sublime (���������)                             unknown (����������ѡ)

 

Pronoun/possessive Adjective Agreement

 

Subject Pronoun

(��þ�������˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ)

Object Pronoun

(��þ������        ��˹�ҷ���繡���)

Possessive Adjective

(�Ӥس�Ѿ�����ʴ���������Ңͧ)

Possessive Pronoun      (��þ�������ʴ���������Ңͧ)

Reflexive Pronoun      (��þ�������з�͹��Ѻ��иҹ㹻���¤)

�͡����

I

you

she

he

it

me

you

her

him

it

my

your

her

his

its

mine

yours

hers

his

its

myself

yourself

herself

himself

itself

��پ���

We

you

they

us

you

them

our

your

their

ours

yours

theirs

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 5: ���������þ��� ���Adjective Possessive ��ҧ � ���١��ͧ

¡������ҧ�� We invite her to stay with us at our house.

1. Who is that man?  Why are you looking at ��������.. .

2. I want that money; please give ������� to ��������. .

3. ������ study hard because I want ��������� to be successful.

4. We want to visit our grandparents.  Do you want to go with ���������.. ?

5. �������. favorite sport is golf.  I always play �������.. on weekends.

���

1. Who is that man?  Why are you looking at him.

2. I want that money; please give it to me.

3. I study hard because I want myself to be successful.

4. We want to visit our grandparents.  Do you want to go with us?

5. My favorite sport is golf.  I always play it on weekends.

 

Troublesome English

homonyms: desert ��� dessert �դ�������ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ

          desert ���¤������ �� (v.) ���ŷ��� (n.) �� A lot of agriculturists in the countryside desert their hometowns to work in the city because their hometowns are very dry like a desert. (�ɵá��ҡ��·���з�駺�ҹ�Դ���ͧ�͹价ӧҹ����ͧ ���ͧ�ҡ����ҹ�Դ�ͧ�ǡ�������駴�觷��ŷ���)   �����͡���§�ӹ�� ���ŧ���§˹ѡ����ҧ���á

          dessert ���¤������ �ͧ��ҹ (n.) ��  Gene usually has fruits for dessert after his meal.    (�չ�ѡ�СԹ������繢ͧ��ҹ��ѧ�����) �����͡���§�ӹ�� ���ŧ���§˹ѡ����ҧ�����ͧ

 

Idioms and Expressions

Pick up the pieces ���¤������ ��鹵�Ǩҡ����⪤���� �����С�âҴ�Թ���ҧ�ع�ç,  ������ª��Ե�ͧ������ѡ �� Allen is picking up the pieces of her life now that his wife is dead. (����Ź���ѧ��鹵�Ǩҡ��������֡����ҷ���٭����������)