����� 4
���Ѿ��
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accord (n.) = agreement (��õ�ŧ)
-
amendment (n.) = change (�������¹�ŧ)
-
astonished (adj.) = greatly
surprised (����֡�����Ҵ�)
-
astonishing (adj.) = surprising
(��һ����Ҵ�)
-
back on one�s feet (exp.) = be
well again (��Ѻ������Ҿ���ա����)
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condolence (n.) = sympathy
(�������͡����)
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constitution (n.) = the
structure or form of a person or thing; the basic laws of a nation (�Ѱ�����Ù)
-
democracy (n.) = government
by the people, directly or through elected or appointed representatives (��ЪҸԻ��)
-
deserve (v.) = be
worthy of/ earn (��������Ѻ)
-
for lack of (prep.) = because
of not having (���ͧ�ҡ�����)
-
for the sake of (prep.) = for
the good of (����)
-
give a ring (exp.) = call
on , telephone (���Ѿ��)
-
in connection with (prep.) = in
relation to (����Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ)
-
It�s a shame that .. (exp.) = It�s
too bad that � (����Թ价��� �)
-
king (n.) =
male
ruler (��ѵ����)
-
major (n.) = elected
official (����Ҫ��÷�����Ѻ����觵��)
-
office (n.) = public
position (�ӹѡ�ҹ)
-
pass (v.) = approve (����Ѻ����ҹ)
-
queen (n.) = female
ruler (����ҢԹ�)
-
religion (n.) = belief (��ʹ� ��������)
-
religious (adj.) = devoted/referring
to religion
(����ǡѺ��ʹ�)
-
senator (n.) = elected
official (�ز����)
-
send for someone (v.) = to
ask someone to come to a place (�Ô������ѧʶҹ����ҧ�)
-
service (n.) = ceremony (�Ըա��)
-
set about (v.) = to
begin the task (������鹷ӡ����)
-
shocked (adj.) = greatly
surprised (����֡���)
-
shocking (adj.) = surprising (��ҵ��)
-
sympathy (n.) = sharing
in feeling emotion (��������֡���͡����)
-
tragic (adj.) = terrible (����� ���)
-
what a shame that � = It�s
too bad that � (�ѹ����Թ价���
�)
-
with respect to (prep.) = in
regard to/concerning (����ǡѺ)
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ���
1: ���Ѻ����� A �Ѻ��������� B
Column
A |
Column
B |
���. 1. for the sake of
(prep.) ���. 2. condolence (n.) ���. 3. deserve (v.) ���. 4. set about (v.) ���. 5. accord (n.) ���. 6. back on one�s
feet (exp.) ���. 7. It�s a shame
that .. (exp.) ���. 8. for lack of
(prep.) ���.9. amendment (n.) ��� 10. with respect to
(prep.) |
a. change b. concerning/in regard
to c. to begin the task d. be worthy of e. for the good of f. It�s too bad that � g. sympathy h. agreement i. because of not having j. be well again |
��� 1. e 2.
g 3. d 4. c 5. h 6. j 7. f 8. i 9. a 10. b
���ҡó�
Perfect Gerunds ��� Perfect Infinitives
Perfect Gerunds (having +
Past Participle (V.3)) ��� Perfect Infinitives (to have +
Past Participle) ��� �ٻʹյ�ͧ infinitive
������Ѻ�ʴ���á�з�����ʶҹ��ó����Դ��鹡�͹�˵ء�ó���ѡ �����ٻ Active
Voice (��иҹ㹻���¤�繼���зӡ����) ��� Passive Voice (��иҹ㹻���¤�繼��١��з�)
�������Ѻ�������¢ͧ����¤
�ѧ���ç���ҧ��е�����ҧ���仹��
|
Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
Perfect Gerund: |
Having + Past Participle �� Having visited Paris, Victor had a lot of oversea experience. (��ѧ�ҡ����������ǻ��������
���ջ��ʺ��ó�㹡������Ե��ҧ������ҡ���) |
Having been + Past Participle �� Having been
employed, Helen had to prepared herself for the new job. (��ѧ�ҡ�����ҹ������
���Ź��ͧ������������Ѻ�ҹ����ͧ��) |
Perfect Infinitive: |
To have + Past Participle �� We are happy to have been employed here for a long time. (�ǡ����դ����آ�ҡ
�����ӧҹ���������������ҹҹ����) |
To have been + Past Participle �� Today, the good
relationship among all the members of my family has been intensified. (�ء�ѹ���
��������ѹ���ѹ�������ҧ��Ҫԡ�ء��㹤�ͺ���Ǣͧ�����ҡ���) |
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ���
2: ����������¤�١��ͧ���� Perfect Gerunds
�� Mike is very successful in
his career in spite of having finished only the secondary
school.
1. (get along with) ������������. each other very well,
Charlotte and Steve decide to get
married.
2. In spite of (prepare)
���������. a lot, Meg still gets butterflies before the presentation.
3. (study)
������������very hard, Kim is ready to do the test.
4. Lynne is accused of
(steal) �����������.. his boss�s money.
5. Ryan, (work out) ����������
regularly, is very strong.
���
1. Having got/Having gotten along with each
other very well, Charlotte and Steve decide to get married.
2. In spite of having prepared a lot, Meg
still gets butterflies before the presentation.
3. Having studied very hard, Kim is ready to
do the test.
4. Lynne is accused of having stolen his
boss�s money.
5. Ryan, having worked out regularly, is very
strong.
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ���
3: ����������¤�١��ͧ���� Perfect Infinitives
�� Jill is very successful in
her career although she is unlucky to have been sick
nearly all year.
1. Charlotte and Steve
seem to (get along with) ��������������.. each other very well.
2. Meg is expected to
(prepare) �������� a lot; her presentation is very good.
3. Tina appears to (study)
�������� hard because she gets a very good grade in English.
4. Terry appeared (break
into) ���������.. a house; he is sent to the jail.
5. Ryan seems to (look
down upon) ��������������. by his colleagues; he gets so angry.
���
1.
Charlotte and Steve seem to have got/have gotten along
with each other very well.
2. Meg is expected to
have prepared a lot; her presentation is very good.
3. Tina appears to have studied hard because
she gets a very good grade in English.
4. Terry appeared to have broken into a house;
he is sent to the jail.
5. Ryan seems to have been looked down upon by
his colleagues; he gets so angry.
����� Adjectives
�繤ӹ��
�ҧ���� Adjective ����ö˹�ҷ���繤ӹ��
��������¶֧������ؤ�ŷ�����ѡɳ�੾�е�ҧ � �� the poor, the rich Adjective �ա�����˹�觷��ŧ���´��� - ese ���� � ish ���¶֧��������Ñ�ҵԵ�ҧ � �� the Chinese, the English ����� Adjective ����ҹ�� ��˹�ҷ���繤ӹ�� ��ͧ�� the ��˹������
��Шж���繤ӹ����پ��� �� The valiant are very helpful for the
nation, especially during the war. (�������Ò�ջ���ª���ͪҵԺ�ҹ���ͧ�ҡ
��੾�����ҧ���������ҧʧ����)
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ���
4: �����͡�ӡ���ҷ��١��ͧ
¡������ҧ�� The
famous often lacks/lack the privacy.
1. The homeless (is/are)
the government�s responsibility.
2. To develop the country,
the uneducated (needs/need) to be more focused.
3. The poor (faces/face)
many problems.
4. The disable (improves/improve)
the condition of life by education.
5. The English (is/are)
believed to be reserved.
��� 1. are 2.
need 3.
Face 4.
Improve 5.
are
������ҧ�ͧ�Ӥس�Ѿ�������繤ӹ�������
beautiful (�����)
disabled (���ԡ��)
homeless (������ҹ)
proud (������դ����Ҥ�����)
blind (���Һʹ)
elderly (����)
hungry (���������)
rich (�����)
weak (����͹��)
brave (�������Ò)
famous (���ժ������§)
injured (���Ҵ��) sick (������)
wealthy (����觤��)
clever (����Ҵ)
great (��������)
innocent (������ط���)
strong (�����ç) wounded (���Ҵ��)
courageous (�������Ò) guilty (���Դ)
intelligent (����Ҵ)
ugly (��˹�ҵҹ�����´) young (��˹������)
dead (�����)
handicapped (���ԡ��)
living (������ժ��Ե����)
uneducated (��������֡��)
deaf (����˹ǡ)
poor (����) unemployed (�����ҹ) |
������ҧ�ͧ�Ӥس�Ѿ�������繹������ (Abstract
Noun)
absurd (�����š)
good (������) obvious
(�����Ѵਹ)
supernatural (�����˹�͸����ҵ�)
bad (�������)
impossible (������������) possible (���������) unexpected (��觷�������Ҵ��ó�) evil (������������)
long (�������)
short (�������)
unimaginable
(�����������ö�Թ��ҡ����)
expected (��觷��Ҵ��ó����) mysterious (�����֡�Ѻ) sublime
(���������)
unknown (����������ѡ) |
Pronoun/possessive Adjective
Agreement
|
Subject Pronoun (��þ�������˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ) |
Object Pronoun (��þ������
��˹�ҷ���繡���) |
Possessive Adjective (�Ӥس�Ѿ�����ʴ���������Ңͧ) |
Possessive Pronoun (��þ�������ʴ���������Ңͧ) |
Reflexive Pronoun (��þ�������з�͹��Ѻ��иҹ㹻���¤) |
�͡���� |
I you she he it |
me you her him it |
my your her his its |
mine yours hers his its |
myself yourself herself himself itself |
��پ��� |
We you they |
us you them |
our your their |
ours yours theirs |
ourselves yourselves themselves |
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 5: ���������þ��� ���Adjective
Possessive ��ҧ � ���١��ͧ
¡������ҧ�� We
invite her to stay with us at our house.
1. Who is that man? Why are you looking at ��������.. .
2. I want that money;
please give ������� to ��������. .
3. ������ study hard
because I want ��������� to be successful.
4. We want to visit our
grandparents. Do you want to go
with ���������.. ?
5. �������. favorite sport
is golf. I always play �������.. on
weekends.
���
1. Who is that man? Why are you looking at him.
2. I want that money;
please give it to me.
3. I study hard
because I want myself to be successful.
4. We want to visit our
grandparents. Do you want to go
with us?
5. My
favorite sport is golf. I always
play it on weekends.
Troublesome
English
homonyms: desert ��� dessert �դ�������ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ
desert ���¤������ �з�� (v.) ���ŷ��� (n.) �� A lot of agriculturists in the countryside desert their
hometowns to work in the city because their hometowns are very dry like a
desert. (�ɵá��ҡ��·���з�駺�ҹ�Դ���ͧ�͹价ӧҹ����ͧ
���ͧ�ҡ����ҹ�Դ�ͧ�ǡ�������駴�觷��ŷ���) �����͡���§�ӹ��
���ŧ���§˹ѡ����ҧ���á
dessert ���¤������ �ͧ��ҹ (n.) �� Gene usually has fruits for dessert
after his meal. (�չ�ѡ�СԹ������繢ͧ��ҹ��ѧ�����) �����͡���§�ӹ��
���ŧ���§˹ѡ����ҧ�����ͧ
Idioms
and Expressions
Pick up the pieces ���¤������
��鹵�Ǩҡ����⪤���� �����С�âҴ�Թ���ҧ�ع�ç, ������ª��Ե�ͧ������ѡ
�� Allen is picking up the pieces of her life now that
his wife is dead. (����Ź���ѧ��鹵�Ǩҡ��������֡����ҷ���Ù����������)